To take Pakistani population into a brighter and healthier future every institution of Gandhara University has contributed in its own way. Naseer Teaching Hospital has taken on the challenge of educating the population about the Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. On this web site there is some information for the visitors.

DIABETES

Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body doesn't produce enough insulin, or because cells don't respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. There are three main types of diabetes:

• Type 1 diabetes: results from the body's failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin.
• Type 2 diabetes: results from insulin resistance, a condition in which body cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with insulin deficiency.
• Gestational diabetes: is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM.

Other forms of diabetes mellitus include:

• Congenital diabetes, which is due to genetic defects of insulin secretion,
• Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes
• Steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids

All forms of diabetes are treatable since insulin became available in 1921, type 2 diabetes may be controlled with oral medications. Both type 1 and 2 are conditions that usually cannot be cured. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after delivery. Diabetes without proper treatments can cause many complications.

• Early complications include: Sudden drop in blood sugar levels, fainting, or sweating, tremmers, coma
• Late/ long-term complications include: Heart diseases, Kidney diseases, eyesight problems

Adequate treatment of diabetes is important to avoid compications. Blood pressure control and lifestyle factors such as smoking cessation and maintaining a healthy body by keeping the weight and diet under control.

HYPERTENSION

Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. It is classified as either primary (essential) or secondary. About 90-95% of cases are termed "primary hypertension", which refers to high blood pressure for which no medical cause can be found. The remaining 5-10% of cases (Secondary hypertension) are caused by another conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart, or endocrine system.

Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and arterial aneurysm, and is a leading cause of kidney failure. Moderate elevation of arterial blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy. Both dietary and lifestyle changes as well as medicines can improve blood pressure control and decrease the risk of associated health complications.